I have always treated like a puzzle, and an educational point of view, for the reason they have a kind of mental gymnastics, to refine the mind and train the mind to reason along straight lines. Puzzles are a school of cunning and genius.
-Sam Lloyd (1841-1911)
The above quote from one of the greatest masters of the world puzzle, written long before the emergence of areas of cognitive psychology and neurology, sheds light on whatnow confirmed by modern tools and research areas of cognitive development.
Studies have confirmed that the study of interaction with stimulating educational games with objects, the number of branches on nerve cells in the brain and increases may promote a better learning
[1]. In addition, a team of Torkel Klingberg of the Karolinska Institute conducted a part of the Stockholm Brain Institute, has found signs that the neural systems underlying working memory (acognitive functions associated with general intelligence) can grow in response to training
[2]. Concerning the neural basis for the development and plasticity of cognitive functions during childhood, particularly the development of attention and working memory, this information is incorrect, continuing training and educational exposure yield attention, better impulse control and improved capacity learning, and learning deficits correct critical
[3]. Historically, a person IQ -a measure of all types of intellectual abilities to solve problems, including spatial skills, memory and verbal reasoning - was thought to be fixed by nature - a person imprisoned in the genes. However, Dr. Beth Lucy Wellman was (1895-1952), professor of child psychology at the Iowa Child Welfare Research Station in advancing their knowledge that a child around with IQ and school performance on quality intellectual stimulation and social instrumental
[4]. Paving the way forType of research currently underway, as the kind of education will provide the best means to develop the skills of a child. What in particular, make up the "positive environments of care, interaction and reaction - the conditions for the development of complex neural networks that promote the" hardware "of intelligence appear"
[5]. Many psychologists and researchers have come to a conclusion very intuitive and simple, a spark, back to words of SamLloyd: a breeze - the promotion of children playing, adding games, puzzles and activities - and thus fueling the cognitive functions most important and critical stage of development. Children, geometric puzzles feature construction toys like wooden blocks and development of visual-spatial skills, achievement of science in mathematics e.
[6]. These types of toys can stimulate a visual / spatial thinking and problem solving, demonstrateSkills crucial for future engineers, architects, pilots, mathematicians, scientists, programmers or engineers, entrepreneurs, artists, musicians, mechanics, human relations professionals or spiritual leader "
[7]. Furthermore, skills developed through interaction with the puzzle in 3-D geometric and tangible toys that stimulate the visual perception of spatial learning reinforced by tactile - tactile perception through the skin and kinesthetic perceptionthe location and movement of joints and muscles, an important developmental experience missing computer models and games. The development of executive functions, the activity of the brain responsible for managing the organizational capacity, priorities, time management and decision-making processes depends to a high order of selective attention, planning and inhibition of behavioral response, as manipulation of information in problem solvingActivities.
[8]. It 'important for children than it is in young adults and their function in mature self incredibly important. Poor executive function is associated with a high dropout rate, drug use and crime is, while a good executive function is a better predictor for success in school IQ of a child, and effective development in virtually all sectors.
[9]. The children develop executive functions are organized with a routine of specific scenarios through "learningProblem solving and higher order thinking "
[10]. These are all the functions of many wooden toys and simple quiz. Unfortunately, a lot of games and toys of today are too structured, focused, and push children, given the script to be followed, through guided activities on your computer, or by actively directing the play of the child in conversation, with lights, buttons and levers. To counter this effect, in addition to the child "unstructured play time, toys that does not command the child, but allow the child to be helpful. Professor Hirsh Pasek, Temple University, Philadelphia recommends that research in "less busy corridors" in the toy stores, parents who "really want to prepare their children for life in the next generation"
[11]. Traditional wooden toys a nice change from the strong, flashing equivalent plastic, which fill the shelves of toy stores today. It 'has also been shown that toys andPuzzle> ordered with various solutions, which requires time, patience and planning to resolve the performance benefits both for the learning process in the exciting time of recognition, when it reached the correct solution. The authors write and share this Engineering Education at Indiana University "Ah-ha!" Moment as "an important event cognitive learning process. In particular, it "improves performance in creative problem solving and creative design, and may play a roleTransforming the learning activity of the hard work a pleasure.
[12]. Finding a solution for the production of puzzles as "Ah-ha!" Moments, in turn, the development of pupils' learning that are exciting, can lead in later life. At the macro level, toys, games and baby critical for neural and cognitive development also have specific functions within some stages of childhood. The constructivist theory of child development,Advanced by Jean Piaget, many parents and educators, psychologists have recommended the physical environment of children, occur so that learning and course development, and in various stages of the case, through interaction with ' environment and people around their structure.
In addition, suitable materials are required, this arrangement, including toys and games that encourage interaction. Several Mind Twisters, puzzles and geometric puzzles and tasks are essentialto give children and students the ability to manipulate objects and ideas and hypotheses test their progress in middle childhood.
[13] and other board games with special rules that demonstrated skills in fair as well as to strengthen cooperation, understanding and reasoning. For example, researchers at the National Association for the education of children working in Washington, DC recently, a correlation between performance in mathematics and the exposure of students to the games foundhome.
[14]. In the world of high technology, today, it is interesting that when there are games to come, toys and puzzles, traditional, simple, touch, lightweight, visual / spatial offerings can do more and make an important contribution to a child Intelligence development of well-being. So it is not surprising that there are Sam Lloyd, 100 years ago is still relevant for discussion on education and development of intelligencetoday.
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